As an academic discipline, logic is the study of reasoning. Logic puzzles, therefore, involve solving problems by making a ...

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Ask five people to name the movie, TV show, book, podcast, song, or other piece of pop culture they were most obsessed with this year, and you’re liable to get five different answers. That’s art in ...

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When engineers build AI language models like GPT-5 from training data, at least two major processing features emerge: memorization (reciting exact text they’ve seen before, like famous quotes or ...

Think you have a sharp mind? Part 2 of our Logic Test Quiz is here to put your reasoning skills to the ultimate test. From number puzzles and sequences to tricky riddles and brain teasers, every ...

The trend of AI researchers developing new, small open source generative models that outperform far larger, proprietary peers continued this week with yet another staggering advancement. The goal is ...

Poornika Ananth does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond ...

Propositional logic includes sentence letters (A, B, C, etc), which are assigned truth values, and logical connectives (AND, OR, NOT, IMPLICATION, EQUIVALENCE), but not quantifiers. This is also ...

The authors are social theorists who have long studied the roots and consequences of inequality. Aug. 15, 2025 In the early years of the 20th century, America had a “boy problem.” Boys on the street, ...

Predicate logic is an extension of propositional logic. Here we consider what is called first-order predicate logic, abbreviated FOL (sometimes abbreviated PL1, not to be confused with the programming ...