Abstract: The complex surface characteristics and misalignment of the geometric and optical axes of off-axis aspherical surfaces pose major challenges in the work to develop a measurement technique ...

Fixed-Dimensional Encoding (FDE) solves a fundamental problem in modern search systems: how to efficiently search through billions of documents when each document is represented by hundreds of vectors ...

Mortgage rates are falling. The average U.S. 30-year fixed mortgage rate dropped to 6.31% as of October 15, 2025. This is the lowest level in over a year. Investors and homeowners are watching closely ...

Abstract: Extracting ground points from LiDAR point clouds is essential for constructing digital terrain models (DTMs). This article presents a filtering method with strip curve fitting, based on the ...