Spare a moment’s pity for the process engineer, whose job it is to keep industrial automation running no matter what. These poor souls seem to be forever on call, fielding panicked requests to come to ...

The current-mode or peak-current-regulating switching converter is a familiar, almost dominant, power supply circuit consisting of few parts and is usually designed with “cookbook” procedures from PWM ...

Open-collector outputs are useful for transmitting buffered digital/pulse signals to the external world when high drive is needed. In harsh operating environments like automotive systems, however, ...

Download this article in PDF format. It’s now common to see circuit boards that carry hundreds of amps, especially in intensive data-processing applications, electric vehicles, and ac distribution.

Electricity powers everything from your phone to your refrigerator—but have you ever wondered how it’s controlled inside a ...

A modification of the current-control circuit in a low-voltage LED system allows use of a chopped supply voltage to modulate the LED intensity. The circuit prevents inrush current to the decoupling ...

Per 2014 NEC Article 100, short circuit current rating (SCCR) is defined as: “The prospective symmetrical fault current at a nominal voltage to which an apparatus or system is able to be connected ...

Since Class 3 control circuits permit higher allowable levels of voltage and current than Class 2 control circuits, additional _____ are specified to provide protection against the electric shock ...

All questions and answers are based on the 2011 NEC. Q. What is the Code rule for motor control circuit overcurrent protection? A. Motor control conductors that aren’t tapped from the branch circuit ...