Abstract: An exact closed-form expression is developed for the probability density function (PDF) of the sum of independent but not necessarily identically distributed Nakagami-m random variables. By ...

Abstract: To deal with the uncertain relationship between random variables and harmonic spectrum in existing random pulsewidth modulation (PWM), this article links the uniformly distributed random ...

The total area under the curve must equal 1, representing the fact that the probability of some outcome occurring within the entire range is certain. \[\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}f\left(x\right)dx=1\] ...

Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China Background: Presepsin, an innate immune activation biomarker, shows ...

Objective To measure test accuracy of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for Down, Edwards and Patau syndromes using cell-free fetal DNA and identify factors affecting accuracy. Design Systematic ...

Understanding the differences between probabilistic and deterministric AI will help manufacturers make more informed choices and achieve measurable results.

The table below comprises the names of units which are part of the latest syllabus for the 2025 exams. These chapters are intact with minor additions. Discovery of Electron, Proton, and Neutron, ...

James Chen, CMT is an expert trader, investment adviser, and global market strategist. Khadija Khartit is a strategy, investment, and funding expert, and an educator of fintech and strategic finance ...

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...

jDivision of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, The Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK kDivision of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK lWellcome Centre for ...

Background: Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal malignancies due to its late-stage diagnosis and limited treatment options. Conventional diagnostic methods, such as imaging and tissue ...