As an ultra-wideband microwave signal, amplitude shift keying (ASK) can be used in many occasions, such as electronic warfares, wireless communications and modern radar systems. Initially, ASK ...

The generation of single sideband (SSB) signals first came to my attention via ham radio back in the early 1960s. My call was then and still is WA2IBH. The best phonetic I had for that call sign was ...

Amplitude modulation (AM) is by far the oldest form of modulation known. The first broadcast stations were AM, but even earlier, CW or continuous-wave signals with Morse code were a form of AM.

The design strategy for terahertz metasurfaces capable of achieving spin-selective functionality through complex-amplitude modulation is systematically categorized into four distinct parametric ...

Modulation is the process of varying a higher frequency carrier wave to transmit information. Though it is theoretically possible to transmit baseband signals (or information) without modulating it, ...

Optical vector analysis has emerged as a critical tool for characterising optical devices, enabling simultaneous measurement of amplitude and phase responses over wide bandwidths. This technique is ...