The city-based Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA) has developed an indigenous technology called ...

Some brief theory and typical measurements of phase noise. Standard analysis of PLL phase noise used by most CAD applications. How to produce the lowest phase noise at a PLL output. A standard design ...

Measuring phase noise with a spectrum analyzer. The primary advantage of dedicated phase-noise analyzers. The cross-correlation method. Using a spectrum analyzer is the oldest, most straightforward, ...

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is among the most commonly used imaging methods in preclinical studies as it non-invasively produces multiparametric data of tissues and organs. An animal organism’s ...

Electrical noise, like taxes, is always with us. Most of the time noise is small and we can ignore it, but there are some measurement circumstances where noise must be dealt with. What can be done to ...