Pulse oximeters, a type of photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor, are electronic devices that measure a person’s blood-oxygen saturation (SpO 2) and heart-rate (HR) levels. Since their inception in the ...
Despite its widespread use, PPG accuracy can vary significantly across individuals, particularly by skin tone. Darker skin contains more melanin, which absorbs and scatters light, often leading to ...
Part 1 of this series provided an overview on using reflectometry for a pulse plethysmograph (PPG) waveform and described the physical and physiological principles at work. Much attention has been ...
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