Macroscopic ecosystem properties, such as major material pathways and community biomass structure, underlie the ecosystem services on which humans rely. While ecologists have long sought to identify ...

Predators typically are larger than their prey, and consequently, trophic level should increase with body size. Whereas this relationship has helped in developing predictions about food web structure ...

Many coral reefs have lost their top predators due to overfishing, changing the structure of their food chains. Researchers have found that when top predators are overfished, medium-sized predators ...