Logic signals have fallen from the 15V of the old CMOS 4000 series to 5V TTL (transistor-to-transistor logic) to modern CMOS levels of 3.3, 2.7, and 1.8V. Advanced processes use digital logic that ...

This series of articles reviews basic concepts, and is intended for hardware and software engineers working with embedded systems. In previous sessions we covered some of the fundamental electronic ...

This may very well be the smallest homemade TTL CPU we’ve ever seen. Measuring at one square inch, this tiny chip boasts 40 connections, an 8-bit databus, a 16-bit address bus, a 64 kB memory space, ...

Only eight lithography masks to create a low-power custom logic chips, compared with 20+ for CMOS, is the claim of Nottingham-based fabless chip start-up ‘Search For The Next’ (SFN). As such, ...

The fun part about logic gates is that there are so many ways to make them, with each approach having its own advantages and disadvantages. Although these days transistor-transistor logic (TTL) is the ...

The panel industry is rapidly accelerating to higher resolution and a greater number of bits per colour. Breakthroughs in resolution and color are possible only when increasing the overall data rate ...

Have you ever wanted to build your own minicomputer, but felt restricted by the available selection of https://www.pcworld.com/products/components/processors.html ...

With just a few components, you can provide a translated signal from industrial and PLD sensors that connects safely to a microcontroller, with the added bonus of supplying 7.5 mA of regulated power.

Ladder logic uses switch or relay contacts to implement Boolean expressions. In years past, ladder logic was made possible with discrete relays and was sometimes termed “relay logic.” Today most ...