There have been many different ideas presented for increasing the acoustic output of a piezo buzzer or ultrasonic transducer. Most of them involve rather complicated circuitry that drives up the total ...

All circuits, analog or digital, have characteristics dependent on the values of their component parts. Invariably, these parts are non-ideal in many ways. Even their most fundamental characteristics, ...

Sometimes a circuit requires a data link over an existing cable that doesn’t have any free conductors for a dedicated comm link. A common solution is to superimpose a high-frequency carrier modulated ...

Do you want to build an electric motor? You could probably find just about everything you need for a simple one around your house. Let me show you how to build it and why it works. Start With Magnet ...

Most switching power-supply controllers provide non-latching fault protection. Satisfying a requirement for a latchoff response to a fault often requires the addition of excessive and redundant ...

Design of CMOS digital integrated circuits, concentrating on device, circuit, and architectural issues. Analysis and design techniques in custom integrated circuit design, standard cells, memory. Use ...