This article is a comprehensive review of the current indications and recent literature pertaining to laparoscopic techniques in pediatric urology. Basic concepts such as instrumentation, anesthetic ...

Background A 40-year-old male presented with right-sided abdominal pain and no lower urinary tract symptoms. Examination was unremarkable, apart from mild right renal angle tenderness. Investigations ...

The retroperitoneal laparoscopic technique for treatment of complex renal stones was completely successful in 73 cases, while 2 cases were converted to open surgery (Table 2). The stone was difficult ...