Engineers are starting to build hardware that does not just run artificial intelligence, it behaves like a primitive form of ...

Copper vapor lasers have long provided a robust and efficient platform for generating high-intensity, visible laser radiation, frequently utilised in industrial machining, high-speed imaging and micro ...

Erbium-doped fibre amplifiers (EDFAs) represent a cornerstone in modern optical communications, offering high gain amplification across the C- and L-bands. These devices leverage the unique energy ...