In the fields of physics, mathematics, and engineering, partial differential equations (PDEs) are essential for modeling various phenomena, from heat diffusion to particle motion and wave propagation.

Maxwell's equations form the cornerstone of electromagnetic theory, offering a complete description of how electric and magnetic fields interact with matter. In combination with state‐of‐the‐art ...

In physics, electromagnetic radiation (EMR) consists of waves of the electromagnetic (EM) field, propagating through space, carrying electromagnetic radiant energy. It includes radio waves, microwaves ...