Counter-current chromatography (CCC) is a versatile liquid–liquid separation technique that exploits the differential partitioning of compounds between two immiscible solvent phases. By eliminating ...

Continuous countercurrent tangential chromatography (CCTC) is a column-free process that provides a scalable, disposable, and cost-saving alternative to column chromatography. As advances in ...

Chromatography is the most important unit operation in the downstream processing of biopharmaceuticals. In most cases, at least two chromatography steps are required to complete the purification: a so ...