The cell membrane has numerous channels for the transport of various substances, including ions, between the cell and its environment. Ion transport determines the ion exchange rate (or the ...

The constant, energy-driven motion inside living cells may generate electricity in a way no one fully recognized before.

Inside every living cell, proteins and membranes are in constant motion, reshaping, colliding, and flexing as they keep an organism alive. That restless activity has long been treated as biological ...

Pi plays crucial metabolic and structural roles in living organisms. It is essential for bioenergetics (ATP, GTP), metabolic regulation through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, intercellular ...