Ladder logic uses switch or relay contacts to implement Boolean expressions. In years past, ladder logic was made possible with discrete relays and was sometimes termed “relay logic.” Today most ...

Article 409 provides the minimum safety requirements for industrial control panels (What's an Industrial Control Panel? below). Because this section of the Code is only a couple of pages long, it ...

Today's motors are increasingly driven via electronic controls, which offer better control of speed, position, and torque, as well as much greater efficiency, rather than via direct connection to ...